Patterning Technology for Perovskite Solar Cells
Perovskite Solar Cells – The Next Generation of Energy Technology
For example, perovskite solar cells could be integrated into building windows, car bodies, and even clothing, making energy a more accessible part of daily life and paving the way for a sustainable energy society. However, perovskite solar cells are still in the development phase, with challenges remaining in areas such as stability, lifespan, and scalability. Yet, if these technical hurdles are overcome, perovskite technology holds tremendous potential to contribute significantly to solving global energy issues.
Mitsuboshi Diamond Industrial Co., Ltd.’s Initiatives
Since 2008, we have provided patterning technology for integrated solar cells and have applied expertise gained in CIS, CaTe, and OPV solar cells to our technological offerings for perovskite solar cells. We are committed to contributing to the advancement of perovskite solar cells through the following initiatives:
- Establishment of Manufacturing Equipment
Together with our partners, we are setting up an environment to manufacture equipment tailored for perovskite solar cells. We are also building a structure to support future GW-level production facilities to meet the demands of the expanding market. - Improvement of Production Efficiency and Cost Reduction
Through our proprietary technology, we enhance production efficiency for perovskite solar cells and reduce costs using compact equipment. - Development of Process Verification Systems
We are establishing a system for process verification in the patterning stage, enabling flexible and prompt responses from research and development to mass production. - Creation of an Integrated Organizational Structure
By positioning our solar business as a priority area within the company, we coordinate our development, sales, design, engineering, and process departments under a unified structure, ensuring rapid decision-making and efficient business operations.
Mitsuboshi Diamond Industrial Co., Ltd. is dedicated to supporting the progress of perovskite solar cells and contributing to a sustainable future.
MDI’s Cutting-Edge Processing Technology for Perovskite Solar Cells
The manufacturing process of perovskite solar cells involves first depositing an ITO transparent electrode onto a glass or resin substrate. This is followed by sequentially layering a “hole transport layer” (which carries positive charges), a “perovskite layer,” and an “electron transport layer” (which carries negative charges). After the cells are separated and a metal electrode is deposited, a final electrode separation completes the module by connecting the separated cells in series.
The integration process consists of three key patterning steps:
- Patterning of the transparent electrode film (P1)
- Patterning of the hole transport layer, perovskite layer, and electron transport layer (P2)
- Patterning of the back electrode (P3)
The area between P1 and P3, known as “W,” does not contribute to power generation and is referred to as the “dead area.” Minimizing the size of this dead area through precision processing is crucial for maximizing efficiency.
Refer to the diagram below for an illustration of how patterning technology is utilized in the formation of P1, P2, and P3 electrodes.
Example of Perovskite Solar Cell Structure
MDI’s Patterning Technology
MDI has been involved in patterning processes since the experimental stages of CIGS solar panels and has successfully delivered equipment for a variety of projects. We provide high-quality, high-precision patterning for all steps, from P1 to P3. Depending on the quality and properties of the film, we offer both laser and mechanical patterning options. The patterning process is crucial for ensuring insulation between layers and requires the precise removal of layers that are only nanometers thick, without impacting the underlying layers.
Additionally, the processing width must be minimized to maintain proper insulation while avoiding issues such as edge bulging. Achieving high-quality patterning is essential for enhancing the power generation efficiency of the solar cells.
P1 Laser Patterning
P1 refers to the patterning of the transparent electrode film. In this step, laser patterning is used to precisely remove sections of the transparent conductive layer, typically made of materials like indium tin oxide (ITO). This patterning is crucial for isolating individual cells within the module and preparing the surface for the subsequent deposition of layers that will form the active structure of the solar cell. Achieving high precision at this stage is essential to avoid damaging the underlying substrate and to ensure effective electrical isolation between cells.
Example of Processing
P2 Laser or Mechanical Patterning
P2 involves the patterning of the electron transport layer, hole transport layer, and perovskite layer. This step is essential for defining the active area of each cell and ensuring proper alignment and insulation between layers to optimize the overall performance of the solar cell.
P3 Laser or Mechanical Patterning
P3 involves the patterning of the back electrode layer. This final step is crucial for establishing the electrical connections between cells and ensuring the overall structural integrity and efficiency of the module.
Patterning Equipment
LPM300-GP-D205-GB
A specialized model designed specifically for R&D in perovskite solar cells. This equipment supports patterning experiments in an inert gas atmosphere, allowing processing to take place within a sealed quartz box. The top of the box is made of transparent glass, enabling precise laser processing under inert gas conditions.
Delivered to the Incubation Support Office at Kyoto University’s Uji Campus in 2020.
Roll-to-Roll Substrate Patterning
Roll-to-Roll Laser Patterning Machine “MPV-LMM+RtR”
This machine performs laser patterning while rapidly conveying rolled film or ultra-thin glass (UTG). High-quality patterning is crucial for enhancing power generation efficiency.
・Maximum reduction width: 1000 mm
・Substrate conveyance speed: Up to 1000 mm/s (60 m/min)
・Conveyance precision: ＜±1 mm
・Laser processing precision: ±20 μm
MPV-HB Series
This model is ideal for R&D and small-scale production. The lineup includes three models: the MPV500-HB, which is compatible with substrates up to 500 × 500 mm; the MPV800-HB, which supports up to 800 × 500 mm; and the MPV1200-HB, which accommodates substrates up to 1,200 × 600 mm. An additional head for mechanical patterning can also be installed upon request.
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